|
|
|
| Male genital damage in COVID-19 patients: Are available data relevant? |
Youssef Kharbach( ),Abdelhak Khallouk
|
| Urology Department, Tangier University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, 90000, Tangier, Morocco |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Over the past few weeks, we have observed increasing concern about the possible impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) on male fertility. Precise mechanisms of male reproductive damages are still unclear, but it seems that high temperature resulting from persistent fever and triggering a secondary autoimmune response leading to an autoimmune orchitis are the most likely involved mechanisms. Also, angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a highly important role in cellular entry for SARS-CoV-2 and male genital system presents high ACE2 expression. All these preliminary findings suggest that COVID-19 could impact men's reproductive health. Thus, we examined available data including published and unpublished articles to assess the potential risk of COVID-19 in particular on the male reproductive system.
|
|
Received: 25 April 2020
Available online: 21 June 2020
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
Youssef Kharbach
E-mail: ykharbach@uae.ac.ma
|
|
|
| [1] |
Liu W, Han R, Wu H, Han D. Viral threat to male fertility. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13140. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13140.
doi: 10.1111/and.2018.50.issue-11
|
| [2] |
Xu J, Qi L, Chi X, Yang J, Wei X, Gong E, et al. Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Biol Reprod 2006; 74:410-6.
doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.044776
|
| [3] |
Dejucq N, Je´gou B. Viruses in the mammalian male genital tract and their effects on the reproductive system. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2001; 65:208-31.
doi: 10.1128/MMBR.65.2.208-231.2001
|
| [4] |
Gralinski LE, Menachery VD. Return of the coronavirus: 2019- nCoV. Viruses 2020; 12:135. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020135.
doi: 10.3390/v12020135
|
| [5] |
Raoult D, Zumla A, Locatelli F, Ippolito G, Kroemer G. Coronavirus infections: epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses. Cell Stress 2020; 4:66-75.
doi: 10.15698/cst
|
| [6] |
Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 2020; 395:470-3.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
|
| [7] |
WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. [Accessed 11 June 2020].
|
| [8] |
Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu Y, Mao Y, Ye R, Wang Q, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x.
doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x
pmid: 32183901
|
| [9] |
Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1708-20.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
|
| [10] |
Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q. Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures. J Med Virol 2020; 92:568-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25748.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.v92.6
|
| [11] |
Tolouian R, Vahed SZ, Ghiyasvand S, Tolouian A, Ardalan M. COVID-19 interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the kinin system; looking at a potential treatment. J Ren Inj Prev 2020; 9:e19. https://doi.org/10.34172/jrip.2020.19.
|
| [12] |
Xu X, Chen P, Wang J, Feng J, Zhou H, Li X, et al. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. Sci China Life Sci 2020; 63:457-60.
doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1637-5
|
| [13] |
Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med 2020; 14:185-92.
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0
|
| [14] |
Ma L, Xie W, Li D, Shi L, Mao Y, Xiong Y, et al. Effect of SARSCoV-2 infection upon male gonadal function: a single centerbased study. Med Rxiv 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20037267.
|
| [15] |
Fan C, Li K, Ding Y, Lu W, Wang J. ACE2 expression in kidney and testis may cause kidney and testis damage after 2019-nCoV infection. Med Rxiv 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.20022418.
|
| [16] |
Shen Q, Xiao X, Aierken A, Yue W, Wu X, Liao M, et al. The ACE2 expression in Sertoli cells and germ cells may cause male reproductive disorder after SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9472-7.
doi: 10.1111/jcmm.v24.16
|
| [17] |
Liu X, Chen Y, Tang W, Zhang L, Chen W, Yan Z, et al. Singlecell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARSCoV- 2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes. Sci China Life Sci 2020; 30:1e10.
|
| [18] |
Ding Y, He L, Zhang Q, Huang Z, Che X, Hou J, et al. Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways. J Pathol 2004; 203:622-30.
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9896
|
| [19] |
Ling Y, Xu S, Lin Y, Tian D, Zhu Z, Dai F, et al. Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients. Chin Med J 2020; 133:1039-43.
doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000774
|
| [1] |
Carlotta Palumbo,Elio Mazzone,Francesco A. Mistretta,Sophie Knipper,Zhe Tian,Paul Perrotte,Francesco Montorsi,Shahrokh F. Shariat,Fred Saad,Claudio Simeone,Alberto Briganti,Alessandro Antonelli,Pierre I. Karakiewicz. Primary lymphomas of the genitourinary tract: A population-based study[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2020, 7(4): 332-339. |
| [2] |
Li-Tsa Koh,Kiat Huat Ooi,Foo Cheong Ng. Acute testicular ischaemia following aortoiliac stenting for aortoiliac occlusive disease[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2019, 6(4): 377-379. |
| [3] |
Sahbi Naouar, Salem Braiek, Rafik El Kamel. Testicular torsion in undescended testis: A persistent challenge[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2017, 4(2): 111-115. |
| [4] |
K. C. Biebighauser, Jianjun Gao, Priya Rao, Gene Landon, Lance Pagliaro, Colin P. N. Dinney, Jose Karam, Neema Navai. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor with bone metastasis only at diagnosis: A rare clinical presentation[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2017, 4(2): 124-127. |
| [5] |
Ryan Yu, Jefferson Terry, Mutaz Alnassar, Jorge Demaria. Pediatric fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis testis[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2016, 3(2): 99-102. |
|
|
|
|
