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| SARS-CoV-2 effects in the genitourinary system and prospects of sex hormone therapy |
Kuangzheng Liua,Xinglin Chenb,Xiaohan Renb,Yuqing Wua,Shancheng Renc,*( ),Chao Qinb,*()
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a Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
b Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
c Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China |
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Abstract Object: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which leads to acute respiratory infection symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 infection is not always limited to the respiratory tract, and renal infection and dysfunction have been shown to be specific risk factors for death. In addition, COVID-19 has a higher incidence, severity and mortality in men than women. This disparity is due to biological rather than comorbid or behavioral sex differences. Because the male reproductive system is unique, the function of sex hormones in COVID-19 infection may explain the differences between males and females. Understanding these factors will provide appropriate prevention measures and adequate triage strategies and guide the drug discovery process.
Methods: An electronic search was completed in PubMed, ARXIV, MEDRXIV and BIORXIV. The most relevant articles were systematically reviewed. In addition, single cell RNA sequencing analysis of tissue samples from human cell landscape was conducted.
Results: The influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the urogenital system, the possibility of urinary tract transmission and the functions of sex hormones were discussed in this review.
Conclusion: Corona viruses can invade the genitourinary system, causing urological symptoms. Identifying the potential genitourinary organ impairments and protecting them from damage are necessary. Since sex hormones have potential as specific drugs, the gonadal hormones substitution therapy should be considered in both sexes in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Received: 16 June 2020
Available online: 30 November 2020
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Corresponding Authors:
Shancheng Ren,Chao Qin
E-mail: renshancheng@gmail.com;nmuqinchao@163.com
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Progress review of the effects on the kidney in patients with COVID-19.
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Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of tissue samples from human cell landscape. (A) The mRNA expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in GSE3526; (B) The mRNA expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in GSE18674; (C) Cell-specific expression patterns of ACE2, FURIN and TMPRSS2 in genitourinary system. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2.
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