|
|
Clinical evaluation of testicular torsion presenting with acute abdominal pain in young males |
Fujun Wanga,b,Zengnan Moa,*()
|
a Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China b Department of Urology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China |
|
|
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the features of testicular torsion presenting with acute abdominal pain and to raise awareness of testicular torsion with specific symptoms. Methods: From October 2005 to June 2016, nine patients with testicular torsion who presented with isolated acute abdominal pain rather than scrotal pain as their primary symptom were retrospectively reviewed. Data, including the age of patients, season at admission, initial medical history, external genital examination, emergency ultrasound findings, operative findings, duration of abdominal pain, complications, and follow-up results, were collected. Results: The average age of patients was 14 years (range 10-17 years). Seven patients whose genitals were not initially examined externally were misdiagnosed as having ordinary abdominal diseases. Surgical exploration revealed that all the involved testes necrotized, and orchidectomy was performed. In the other two patients, scrotal and testicular abnormalities were detected immediately on admission, and emergency surgical exploration determined that the involved testis remained vital, so orchiopexy was performed. The mean duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was 4 h (3-5 h) in the orchiopexy group and 37 h (18-72 h) in the orchidectomy group. Six patients were psychologically affected during postoperative follow-up. Neither recurrence of testicular torsion nor testicular atrophy was recorded. Conclusion: Acute abdominal pain can be the initial and sole symptom of testicular torsion in young males. Physicians should pay close attention to the specific clinical presentation of testicular torsion.
|
Received: 25 February 2017
Available online: 26 May 2018
|
Corresponding Authors:
Zengnan Mo
E-mail: zengnanmo@hotmail.com
|
|
|
Case No. | Age (year) | Side | Season | Initially presenting symptoms | Genital examination | Misdiagnosed | Duration time of testicular torsion (h) | Degree of testicular torsion (°) | Outcome | 1 | 13 | Left | Late autumn | Left lower abdominal pain | No | Yes (emergency physician) | 40 | 720 (clockwise) | Orchidectomy | 2 | 14 | Left | Early spring | Left lower abdominal pain | No | Yes (emergency physician) | 18 | 360 (counterclockwise) | Orchidectomy | 3 | 10 | Right | Early spring | Right lower abdominal pain | No | Yes (emergency physician) | 24 | 360 (clockwise) | Orchidectomy | 4 | 14 | Left | Late autumn | Left lower abdominal pain | No | Yes (gastrointestinal surgeon) | 20 | 360 (clockwise) | Orchidectomy | 5 | 16 | Left | Early spring | Left lower abdominal pain | No | Yes (emergency physician) | 40 | 270 (counterclockwise) | Orchidectomy | 6 | 12 | Right | Late autumn | Right lower abdominal pain | Yes (urologist) | No | 3 | 720 (counterclockwise) | Salvaged | 7 | 17 | Left | Late autumn | Left lower abdominal pain | No | Yes (emergency physician) | 45 | 360 (counterclockwise) | Orchidectomy | 8 | 14 | Right | Early spring | Right lower abdominal pain | Yes (urologist) | No | 5 | 360 (clockwise) | Salvaged | 9 | 15 | Left | Late autumn | Left lower abdominal pain | No | Yes (digestive physicians) | 72 | 270 (counterclockwise) | Orchidectomy |
|
Characteristics, operative findings, and outcomes observed in patients presenting initially with abdominal pain (n = 9).
|
|
This testis necrotized because the ischemia time was too long (more than 6 h).
|
|
This testis remained vital after detorsion.
|
[1] |
Józsa T, Klárik Z, Kiss F, Tóth E, Mester A, Hargitai Z , et al. Morphological and microcirculatory evaluation of the rat testis after detorsion with or without a capsular release with a tunica vaginalis flap. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:462-6.
|
[2] |
Pogoreli? Z, Mustapi? K, Juki? M, Todori? J, Mrkli? I, Me??trovi? J , et al. Management of acute scrotum in children: a 25-year single center experience on 558 pediatric patients. Can J Urol 2016; 23:8594-601.
|
[3] |
Anderson JB, Williamson RCN . Testicular torsion in Bristol: a 25-year review. Br J Surg 1988; 75:988-92.
|
[4] |
Mellick LB . Torsion of the testicle: it is time to stop tossing the dice. Pediatr Emer Care 2012; 28:80-6.
|
[5] |
Pogoreli? Z, Mrkli? I, Juri? I . Do not forget to include testicular torsion in differential diagnosis of lower acute abdominal pain in young males. J Pediatr Urol 2013; 9:1161-5.
|
[6] |
M?kel? E, Lahdes-Vasama T, Rajakorpi H, Wikstro¨m SA . 19- year review of paediatric patients with acute scrotum. Scand J Surg 2007; 96:62-96.
|
[7] |
Gaither TW, Copp HL . State appellant cases for testicular torsion: case review from 1985 to 2015. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:291.e1-5.
|
[8] |
Santos M, Kohl M . Testicular torsion masked by painful abdomen. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2013; 110:41.
|
[9] |
Fabiani A, Calabrese M, Filosa A, Fioretti F, Maurelli V, Scandola M , et al. Explorative surgery of for acute scrotal pain: the importance of patient age, side affected, time to surgery and surgeon. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2016; 88:189-94.
|
[10] |
Saxena AK, Castellani C, Ruttenstock EM, H?llwarth ME . Testicular torsion: a 15-year single-center clinical and histological analysis. Acta Pediatr 2012; 101:e282-6.
|
[11] |
Lian BS, Ong CC, Chiang LW, Rai R, Nah SA . Factors predicting testicular atrophy after testicular salvage following torsion. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2016; 26:17-21.
|
[12] |
Yíldíz H, Durmus AS, Sim?ek H, Yaman M . Protective effect of sildenafil critrate on contralateral testis injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsin. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:137-42.
|
[13] |
Schanaider A, Aiex CA, Errico G . Immunological effects of acute testicular torsion on the contralateral testis in rats. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2011; 21:370-4.
|
[14] |
Lorenzini F, Tambara R, Gomes RPX, Martino-Andrade AJ, Erdmann TR, Matias JEF . Long-term effects of the testicular torsion on the spermatogenesis of the contralateral testis and the preventive value of the twisted testis orchiepididymectomy. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 27:388-95.
|
[15] |
Grushevsky A, Allegra JR, Eskin B, McCarthy C . The seasonality of testicular torsion. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011; 27:1146-7.
|
[16] |
Karakan T, Bagcioglu M, ?zcan S, Telli O, Turgut H, ?zkan M , et al. Seasonal preponderance in testicular torsion: is it a myth? Arch Esp Urol 2015; 68:750-4.
|
No related articles found! |
|
|
|
|