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Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(1): 42-47    doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2017.12.002
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Non-invasive evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men
Mangat Reshma,S.S.Ho Henry,L.C.Kuo Tricia
Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Abstract  

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in males over the age of 40 years old and are likely to increase with an aging population. Currently urodynamic studies are the gold standard to determine the aetiology of voiding dysfunction and LUTS. However, due to its invasive nature, a great number of non-invasive ultrasound based investigations have been developed to assess patients with symptomatic LUTS. The clinical application of non-invasive tests could potentially stratify patients who would require more invasive investigations and allow more precise patient directed treatment. A PubMed literature review was performed and we will discuss the non-invasive investigations that have been developed thus far, focusing on bladder wall and detrusor wall thickness (BWT & DWT), ultrasound estimated bladder weight (UEBW) and intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP).

Key wordsBladder outlet obstruction      Benign prostatic enlargement      Intravesical prostatic protrusion      Lower urinary tract symptoms      Bladder wall thickness      Ultrasound estimated bladder weight      Near infrared spectroscopy     
Received: 04 April 2017      Published: 07 March 2018
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Mangat Reshma
S.S.Ho Henry
L.C.Kuo Tricia
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Mangat Reshma,S.S.Ho Henry,L.C.Kuo Tricia. Non-invasive evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men[J]. Asian Journal of Urology, 2018, 5(1): 42-47.
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http://www.ajurology.com/EN/10.1016/j.ajur.2017.12.002     OR     http://www.ajurology.com/EN/Y2018/V5/I1/42