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| Ureteral stent technology: Drug-eluting stents and stent coatings |
| Luo Yanga,b,c, Samantha Whitesided, Peter A. Cadieuxd,e, John D. Denstedtc
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a Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, No.4 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
b Department of Urology of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
c Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;
d Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada e School of Health Sciences, Fanshawe College, London, Ontario, Canada |
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Abstract Ureteral stents are commonly used following urological procedures to maintain ureteral patency. However, alongside the benefits of the device, indwelling stents frequently cause significant patient discomfort (pain, urgency, frequency) and can become encrusted and infected. The importance of these sequelae is that they are not only bothersome to the patient but can lead to significant morbidity, urinary retention, ureteral damage, recurrent infections, pyelonephritis and sepsis. When these problems occur, stent removal or replacement alongside antibiotic, analgesic and/or other symptom-modifying therapies are essential to successfully treat the patient. In an attempt to prevent such morbidity, numerous approaches have been investigated over the past several decades to modify the stent itself, thereby affecting changes locally within the urinary tract without significant systemic therapy. These strategies include changes to device design, polymeric composition, drug-elution and surface coatings. Of these, drug-elution and surface coatings are the most studied and display the most promise for advancing ureteral stent use and efficacy. This article reviews these two strategies in detail to determine their clinical potential and guide future research in the area.
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Received: 18 July 2015
Published: 29 October 2015
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Corresponding Authors:
John D. Denstedt c
E-mail: john.denstedt@sjhc.london.on.ca
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